In1942,thefamousscefiwriterIsaacAsimovputforwardthecssic“ThreeLawsofRobotihisworks,whichestablishedtheethicalcodeforrobotdesignandmanufacturingandidtheideologicalfoundationforthestandardizeddevelopmentofrobots.Thethreewsare:first,arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeingor,throughina,allowahumaoetoharm;sed,arobotmustobeytheivenitbyhumanbeingsexceptwheresuchorderswouldflictwiththeFirstLaw;third,arobotmustprotectitsowenceaslongassuchprotedoesnotflictwiththeFirstorSedLaws.Later,AsimovaddedtheZerothLaw:arobotmaynotharmhumanity,orbyina,allowhumanitytoetoharm.Theseethicalwshavealwaysguidedtheresearddevelopmentofglobalrobotteology.
Inthe1950s,withthematurityofputerteologyandautomatitroltheory,modernrobotteologybegantotakeshape.In1954,AmerigineerGeeDevolproposedtheceptrammableindustrialrobotsandappliedforapatentframmabletransfermeicaldevice,whichisreizedastheteicalprototypeofmodernindustrialrobots.
1.3TheInitialDevelopmentStageofIndustrialRobots(1960s-1980s)
In1959,GeeDevondJosephEngelbergerjointlydevelopedtheworld'sfirstrealindustrialrobot,whichwasofficiallyputintouseinAmeriautomobilemanufacturingfactoriesin1961.Thisrobothasasimplemeicarmstructure,realizefixed-pointhandlingandweldiionsthroughpre-programmedprograms,andismainlyusedtorepcehumansinheavy,repetitiveandhigh-riskindustrialoperations,openingtheeraofindustrialrobotapplication.
Inthe1960sand1970s,robotresearddevelopmentfocusedonindustrialsingle-degree-of-freedomandmulti-degree-of-freedommeicarms.Theteicalcharacteristicsofthisstagearesinglefun,fixedprogram,noenviroalperceptionabilityandpoorflexibility.Robotslypleterepetitivefixedasacctopresetprograms,andotadapttogingwenviros.
Inthe1980s,withthedevelopmentofsensorteologyandmiputertrolteology,sed-geionindustrialrobotsappeared.Theserobotsareequippedwithbasisorssuchaspositionsensors,forsorsandproximitysensors,whiperceivethestateoftheoperatingenviroandwobjects,andmakesimpleadjustmentstotheoperatingtrajectoryandforce.Theapplicationsariosofrobotsbegantoexpandfromsingleweldingandhandlingtospraying,assembly,polishingandotherindustrialprocesses,andwerewidelypopurizedinautomobilemanufacturing,meicalprocessingandotherindustriesinEurope,AmeridJapan.
1.4TheRapidDevelopmentStageofIntelligentRobots(1990s-2010)
Inthe1990s,artificialintelligeeology,putervisionteologyandmulti-sensorfusionteologymadebreakthroughprogress,androbotteologyeheintelligentupgradingstage.Third-geionintelligentrobotsbegantoappear,whichhaveindepeenviroalperception,autonomousdeaking,pathpnningandadaptiveoperationcapabilities.
Duringthisperiod,humanoidrobots,mobileservicerobotsandbionicrobotshaveachievedimportahroughs.JapaedStatesandGermanyhavebeethemainforcesofglobalrobotresearddevelopment.Japanesestificresearstitutionshavedevelopedaseriesofhigh-preanoidrobotswithwalking,dangandii
vefuns;Ameriterprisesanduiesfotheresearchofautonomousmobilerobotsandmilitarydeterobots;Germanrobotsarefamousfhprecisionandhighstability,andoccupyaleadingpositioninindustrialrobotmanufacturing.
After2000,withtheminiaturizationandlowcostofchipsandsensors,robotproductsbegantomovefromindustrialhigh-eodercialfields.Householdsweepingrobots,eairobots,educationalrobotsbegaerordinaryfamilies,andtherobotindustrygraduallyformedapleteindustrialincludingresearddevelopment,manufacturing,salesandservice.
1.5TheIntelligentExplosionStage(2010-Present)
Since2010,drivenbybigdata,deeplearning,artificialintelligencealgorithms,5Gunicationteologyandcloudputingteology,robotteologyhasusheredinanexplosivedevelopmentperiod.Modernrobotshavebrokenthroughthelimitationsoftraditionalsingle-maeintelligendrealizedintelligentupgradessuchasautonomouslearning,human-maenaturaliion,multi-maecolborativeoperationaecloudtrol.
Colborativerobotsthatworksafelywithhumans,flexiblerobotstivedeformation,autonomousdrivingrobots,medicalsurgicalrobots,andbioniitatingbiologicalstructureshavebeentinuouslyiteratedandpopurized.Atthesametime,therobotindustryhasbeeakeystrategicemergingindustryinvarioustries.a,theUates,Japan,GermanyandSouthKoreahavesuccessivelyissuedindustrialsupportpoliciestopromotetheintelligent,industrializedandrge-scaledevelopmentofrobots.Today,robotshavebeeanimportantengineofglobalintelligentmanufacturinganddigitaleic